Skin cancer begins when abnormal cells in the epidermis—the outermost layer of the skin—start to grow uncontrollably due to unrepaired DNA damage. This damage triggers mutations that cause cells to multiply rapidly, forming malignant tumors.

There are three main types of skin cancer:

• Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

• Melanoma (the most dangerous form)

The leading causes of skin cancer are exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays and the use of UV tanning beds. Over time, these rays can damage the DNA in skin cells, increasing the risk of cancer.

The Good News: Early Detection Makes All the Difference

When detected early, most skin cancers are highly treatable and often curable with minimal scarring. In fact, dermatologists can often spot signs of skin cancer at a precancerous stage—before it penetrates deeper layers of the skin.

That’s why regular skin checks are critical. Unlike internal cancers, skin cancer develops on the outside of the body—meaning you can often see it before it becomes serious.

What to Watch For: Warning Signs of Skin Cancer

Skin cancer symptoms can vary widely and may resemble other skin conditions. The key is to pay attention to changes in your skin that don’t go away.

Here are common signs to look out for:

1. A Sore That Doesn’t Heal

• A spot that remains open, bleeds, or oozes for more than 4 weeks.

• It may appear shiny, see-through, pearly white, pink, or red.

• Often tender, rough to the touch, and may have raised edges.

2. An Ulcer That Won’t Go Away

• An area of skin that breaks down and doesn’t heal within 4 weeks.

• Especially concerning if there’s no obvious cause, such as injury or infection.

3. A New or Changing Lump

• A small, slow-growing bump that can be shiny and pink or red.

• May look harmless at first but can be an early sign of BCC or SCC.

4. Red or Scaly Patches

• Flat or slightly raised red patches that may itch, flake, or bleed.

• While these could be non-cancerous (like eczema or psoriasis), it’s important to have them checked out.

5. Changes in Moles or Freckles (Possible Melanoma)

• A mole that changes in size, shape, or color.

• New pigmentation or dark spots that look different from others on your skin.

• Melanoma is particularly dangerous but highly curable when caught early.

The ABCDE Rule for Melanoma

When it comes to moles, use the ABCDE guide to help identify warning signs:

• Asymmetry – one half doesn’t match the other

• Border – edges are irregular, ragged, or blurred

• Color – multiple colors or uneven shading

• Diameter – larger than 6mm (about the size of a pencil eraser)

• Evolving – changing in size, shape, color, or behavior (such as itching or bleeding)

Final Thought: If You See Something, Say Something

Your skin is your first line of defense—and also your first clue that something might be wrong. If you notice anything new, unusual, or changing, don’t wait. Book an appointment with your doctor. Early detection is the key to beating skin cancer.

Dr S Ahmed